Volume 4, 58 Jizyah and Mawaada’ah
Hadith 3173
Chapter 11: If Non-Muslims (in War) Say “Saba’na” and Could Not Say “Aslamna”
Narrated Sahl bin Abi Hathma: Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhaiyisa went to Khaibar during a peace treaty. They separated, and later Muhaiyisa found Abdullah murdered. When brought before the Prophet (peace be upon him), he asked the witnesses to swear to identify the killer. They replied, “How can we swear when we didn’t witness it?” The Prophet (peace be upon him) said the Jews could clear themselves by taking an oath. The companions objected to accepting oaths from non-believers, so the Prophet (peace be upon him) paid the blood money himself.
Hadith 3174
Chapter 12: Making Peace with Al-Mushrikun and Reconciliation with Them
Narrated Abdullah bin Abbas: Abu Sufyan informed him that Heraclius called him and his Quraish trading caravan during the truce period between the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Quraish infidels.
Hadith 3175
Chapter 14: If a Dhimmi Practices Magic, Can He Be Excused?
Narrated Aisha: The Prophet (peace be upon him) was once bewitched to imagine doing things he hadn’t actually done.
Hadith 3176
Chapter 15: Caution Against Treachery
Narrated Auf bin Mali: During the Tabuk expedition, the Prophet (peace be upon him) listed six signs before the Hour: 1) His death, 2) Conquest of Jerusalem, 3) A plague killing people like sheep, 4) Wealth overflowing but people still dissatisfied, 5) A tribulation affecting every Arab household, 6) A truce with the Byzantines who would later betray Muslims with 80 armies of 12,000 soldiers each.
Hadith 3177
Chapter 16: How to Revoke a Covenant
Narrated Abu Huraira: Abu Bakr sent me on the Day of Nahr (10th of Dhul-Hijja) to announce: “After this year, no pagan shall perform Hajj, and no one shall circumambulate the Ka’ba naked.” The Day of Hajj-al-Akbar is the Day of Nahr, called Al-Akbar because people called Umrah Al-Asghar (the minor Hajj). That year, Abu Bakr revoked the pagans’ covenant, so no pagan performed Hajj during the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) Farewell Hajj.
Hadith 3178
Chapter 17: The Sin of a Person Who Makes a Covenant and Then Proves Treacherous
Narrated Abdullah bin Amr: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever has four characteristics will be a pure hypocrite: 1) If he speaks, he lies; 2) If he promises, he breaks it; 3) If he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous; 4) If he quarrels, he behaves immorally. Whoever has one of these has one characteristic of hypocrisy until he abandons it.”
Hadith 3179
Chapter 17: The Sin of a Person Who Makes a Covenant and Then Proves Treacherous
Narrated Ali: We wrote nothing from the Prophet (peace be upon him) except the Quran and this document containing: “Medina is a sanctuary from Air mountain to such-and-such. Whoever innovates heresy here or shelters an innovator will be cursed by Allah, the angels and all people – no good deeds accepted. The protection granted by any Muslim is binding on all Muslims. Whoever betrays a Muslim’s protection will be similarly cursed. Whoever takes patrons other than his emancipators without permission will likewise be cursed.”
Hadith 3180
Narrated Said: Abu Huraira once asked people: “What will your state be when you can collect no Dinar or Dirham (taxes from Dhimmis)?” When asked how he knew this would happen, he swore by Allah and said: “I know it from the truthful and truly inspired one (the Prophet).” When asked what the Prophet said, Abu Huraira replied: “When the protection granted by Allah and His Messenger to Dhimmis is violated, Allah will make their hearts so bold that they will refuse to pay the Jizya they owe.”
Hadith 3181
Narrated Al-A’mash: I asked Abu Wail if he participated in Siffin battle. He said yes and recounted how Sahl bin Hunaif said: “Criticize your own opinions! On the day of Abu Jandal, had I been able to disobey the Prophet’s command, I would have. We carried our swords ready for something frightening, but obeying proved easier – except in this battle (of Siffin).”
Hadith 3182
Narrated Abu Wail: At Siffin, Sahl bin Hunaif stood and said: “O people! Blame yourselves! At Hudaybiyah with the Prophet (peace be upon him), we were ready to fight if ordered. Umar asked: ‘Aren’t we right and they wrong?’ The Prophet confirmed. Umar continued: ‘Aren’t our martyrs in Paradise and theirs in Hell?’ The Prophet agreed. Umar then asked why accept disadvantageous terms, to which the Prophet replied: ‘I am Allah’s Messenger – He will not abandon me.’ Later, Surah Al-Fath was revealed, and the Prophet confirmed it was indeed a victory.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Yes”.
Hadith 3183
Narrated Asma bint Abi Bakr:During the period of the peace treaty of Quraish with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), my mother, accompanied by her father, came to visit me, and she was a pagan. I consulted Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ), “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! My mother has come to me and she desires to receive a reward from me, shall I keep good relation with her?” He said, “Yes, keep good relation with her.”
Hadith 3184
Chapter 19: Peace Treaties for Fixed Periods (Three Days or More)
Narrated Al-Bara: When the Prophet (ﷺ) intended to perform the `Umra he sent a person to the people of Mecca asking their permission to enter Mecca. They stipulated that he would not stay for more than three days and would not enter it except with sheathed arms and would not preach (Islam) to any of them. So `Ali bin Abi- Talib started writing the treaty between them. He wrote, “This is what Muhammad, Apostle of Allah has agreed to.” The (Meccans) said, “If we knew that you (Muhammad) are the Messenger of Allah, then we would not have prevented you and would have followed you. But write, ‘This is what Muhammad bin `Abdullah has agreed to..’ ” On that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “By Allah, I am Muhammad bin `Abdullah, and, by Allah, I am Apostle of ‘Allah.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used not to write; so he asked `Ali to erase the expression of Apostle of Allah. On that `Ali said, “By Allah I will never erase it.” Allah’s Apostle said (to `Ali), “Let me see the paper.” When `Ali showed him the paper, the Prophet (ﷺ) erased the expression with his own hand. When Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) had entered Mecca and three days had elapsed, the Meccans came to `Ali and said, “Let your friend (i.e. the Prophet) quit Mecca.” `Ali informed Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) about it and Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Yes,” and then he departed. three days, the Meccans asked Ali to have the Prophet leave, which he did.
Hadith 3185
Chapter: 20 To make peace treaty without a limited period
Chapter 21: The Disposal of Dead Bodies of Polytheists
Narrated `Abdullah: While the Prophet (ﷺ) was in the state of prostration, surrounded by a group of people from Quraish pagans. `Uqba bin Abi Mu’ait came and brought the intestines of a camel and threw them on the back of the Prophet (ﷺ) . The Prophet (ﷺ) did not raise his head from prostration till Fatima (i.e. his daughter) came and removed those intestines from his back, and invoked evil on whoever had done (the evil deed). The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “O Allah! Destroy the chiefs of Quraish, O Allah! Destroy Abu Jahl bin Hisham, `Utba bin Rabi`a, Shaiba bin Rabi`a, `Uqba bin Abi Mu’ait, Umaiya bin Khalaf (or Ubai bin Kalaf).” Later on I saw all of them killed during the battle of Badr and their bodies were thrown into a well except the body of Umaiya or Ubai, because he was a fat person, and when he was pulled, the parts of his body got separated before he was thrown into the well.
Hadith 3186, 3187
Chapter 22: The Sin of a Betrayer
Narrated Anas: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, ”Every betrayer will have a flag on the Day of Resurrection” One of the two subnarrators said that the flag would be fixed, and the other said that it would be shown on the Day of Resurrection, so that the betrayer might be recognized by it.
Hadith 3188
Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Every betrayer will have a flag which will be fixed on the Day of Resurrection, and the flag’s prominence will be made in order to show the betrayal he committed.”
Hadith 3189
Narrated Ibn `Abbas: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said on the day of the conquest of Mecca, “There is no migration now, but there is Jihad (i.e.. holy battle) and good intentions. And when you are called for Jihad, you should come out at once” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) also said, on the day of the conquest of Mecca, “Allah has made this town a sanctuary since the day He created the Heavens and the Earth. So, it is a sanctuary by Allah’s Decree till the Day of Resurrection. Fighting in it was not legal for anyone before me, and it was made legal for me only for an hour by daytime. So, it (i.e. Mecca) is a sanctuary by Allah’s Decree till the Day of Resurrection. Its thorny bushes should not be cut, and its game should not be chased, its fallen property (i.e. Luqata) should not be picked up except by one who will announce it publicly; and its grass should not be uprooted,” On that Al-`Abbas said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! Except the Idhkhir, because it is used by the goldsmiths and by the people for their houses.” On that the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Except the Idhkhir.”