Volume 4, 58 Jizyah and Mawaada’ah
Hadith 3156, 3157
Chapter: 1 Al-Jizya Taken from the Dhimmi
Narrated Ibn Abi Najih: I asked Mujahid, “Why are the Syrians charged four Dinars as Jizya while the Yemenites are charged one Dinar only?” Mujahid replied, “This (Jizya) has been fixed based on the degree of prosperity.”
Narrated Amr bin Dinar: I was sitting with Jabir bin Zaid and Amr bin Aus, and Bajala narrated to them in 70 A.H. (the year Mus’ab bin Az-Zubair led the pilgrims of Basra). We were at the steps of Zamzam well when Bajala said:
“I was the clerk of Juz bin Muawiya, Al-Ahnaf’s uncle. A letter came from Umar bin Al-Khattab a year before his death, stating: ‘Annul all marriages among Magians involving close kinship (as Islam forbids).’ Umar had not taken Jizya from the Magians until Abdur-Rahman bin Auf testified that the Prophet (peace be upon him) took it from the Magians of Hajar.”
Hadith 3158
Narrated Amr bin Auf Al-Ansari: The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent Abu Ubaida bin Al-Jarreh to Bahrain to collect Jizya. He had already made peace with Bahrain’s people and appointed Al-Ala bin Al-Hadrami as governor. When Abu Ubaida returned with the money, the Ansar heard of his arrival during Fajr prayer. After prayer, they gathered around the Prophet (peace be upon him), who smiled and said:
“You must have heard that Abu Ubaida brought something?” They said, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah!” He replied, “Be glad and hope for what pleases you! By Allah, I fear not poverty for you, but that you may chase worldly luxuries as past nations did, competing until it destroys you as it did them.”
Hadith 3159, 3160
Narrated Jubair bin Haiya: Umar sent Muslim armies to conquer foreign lands. When Al-Hurmuzan (a Persian noble) embraced Islam, Umar consulted him. Al-Hurmuzan said:
“These nations are like a bird: its head is Khosrau (Persia), one wing is Caesar (Rome), and the other is Faris. If one wing is broken, the bird survives on the other; but if the head is crushed, the whole perishes. Attack Khosrau first.”
Umar dispatched An-Nu’man bin Muqrin. Upon reaching Persia, their commander confronted Muslims with 40,000 troops. A translator asked, “Let one of you speak!” Al-Mughira responded:
“We were destitute Arabs, starving, wearing camel hair, and worshipping stones. Then Allah sent us a Prophet—known in lineage—who commanded us to fight until you worship Allah alone or pay Jizya. He promised martyrs Paradise and survivors dominion over you.”
An-Nu’man added: “Had you fought beside the Prophet (peace be upon him), you’d know he delayed battle until winds rose and prayer time came.”
Hadith 3161
Chapter: 2 Truce with the King of a Country
Narrated Abu Humaid As-Saidi: During the Tabuk expedition, the king of Aila gifted the Prophet (peace be upon him) a white mule and a cloak. The Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote him a peace treaty, allowing him to retain his rule.
Hadith 3162
Chapter 3: The Advice to Take Care of Non-Muslims Who Have a Covenant of Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him)
Narrated Juwairiya bin Qudama at-Tamimi: We said to Umar bin Al-Khattab: “O Chief of the believers! Advise us.” He said: “I advise you to fulfill Allah’s Convention (made with the Dhimmis) as it is the convention of your Prophet (peace be upon him) and the source of livelihood for your dependents.”
Hadith 3163
Chapter 4: To Whom Should the Fai and the Jizya Be Distributed?
Narrated Yahya bin Sa’id: Once the Prophet (peace be upon him) called the Ansar to grant them part of Bahrain’s land. They said: “No! By Allah, we won’t accept unless you grant our Quraysh brothers the same.” He said: “That will be theirs if Allah wills.” When they persisted, he said: “After me you’ll see others preferred over you in this matter, so be patient until you meet me at Al-Kauthar.”
Hadith 3164, 3165
Chapter 4: To Whom Should the Fai and the Jizya Be Distributed?
Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah:
Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) told me: “If Bahrain’s revenue comes, I’ll give you this much.” When he passed away and the revenue came, Abu Bakr announced: “Let whoever was promised by the Prophet come forward.” I came and Abu Bakr gave me 1,500 gold pieces.
Narrated Anas:
When Bahrain’s wealth was brought to the Prophet (peace be upon him), he ordered it spread in the mosque. Al-Abbas came requesting his share, taking handfuls until he could barely carry it. The Prophet (peace be upon him) watched in astonishment at his greed until all the money was gone.
Hadith 3166
Chapter 5: The Sin of One Who Kills an Innocent Person Having a Treaty with the Muslims
Narrated Abdullah bin Amr: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “Whoever kills a person having a treaty with the Muslims shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise, though its fragrance can be detected from a distance of forty years.”
Hadith 3167
Chapter 6: The Expelling of the Jews from the Arabian Peninsula
Narrated Umar: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to the Jews: “We shall keep you here as long as Allah keeps you here.”
Narrated Abu Huraira: While we were in the Mosque, the Prophet (peace be upon him) came out and said, “Let us go to the Jews.” We went out till we reached Bait-ul-Midras. He said to them, “If you embrace Islam, you will be safe. Know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle, and I want to expel you from this land. So if anyone owns property, he may sell it, otherwise know that the Earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle.”
Hadith 3168
Chapter 6: The Expelling of the Jews from the Arabian Peninsula
Narrated Said bin Jubair:
I heard Ibn Abbas saying, “Thursday! Do you know what Thursday is?” Then he wept until the stones were soaked with his tears. I asked, “What about Thursday?” He said: “When the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) condition worsened, he said, ‘Bring me a writing surface so I may write something to prevent you from straying.’ The people argued, which was wrong before a prophet. Some said, ‘Is he delirious?’ The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, ‘Leave me, for my state is better than what you call me to.’ Then he ordered three things: ‘Expel the pagans from Arabia, honor foreign delegations as I did,’ and the third was either forgotten or unmentioned.”
Hadith 3169
Chapter 7: If Al-Mushrikun Prove Treacherous to the Muslims, May They Be Forgiven?
Narrated Abu Huraira: When Khaibar was conquered, the Jews presented a poisoned roasted sheep to the Prophet (peace be upon him). He assembled the Jews and asked, “I will ask you something – will you tell the truth?” They agreed. He asked, “Who is your father?” They gave a false answer. He said, “You lied; your father is so-and-so.” They admitted he was right. He then asked, “Who are the people of the Fire?” They said, “We will be in it briefly, then you will replace us.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “May you be cursed and humiliated in it! By Allah, we will never replace you.” Finally he asked, “Did you poison this sheep?” They admitted, “Yes, to test if you were a liar (you would die) or a prophet (it wouldn’t harm you).”
Hadith 3170
Chapter 8: The Invocation of the Imam Against Those Who Break Their Covenant
Narrated Asim: I asked Anas about Qunut (supplication in prayer). He said it’s before bowing. When told someone claimed he said after bowing, Anas replied, “He lies.” Anas then narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) invoked evil for one month against Bani Sulaim after bowing, when they killed 40-70 Quran reciters despite having a peace treaty. Anas said he never saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) so grieved.
Hadith 3171
Chapter 9: The Offering of Shelter and Peace by Women
Narrated Um Hani bint Abi Talib: On the day of Mecca’s conquest, I visited the Prophet (peace be upon him) while he was bathing, screened by Fatima. After bathing, he prayed eight rak’at in one garment. I said, “My brother Ali vows to kill a man I granted asylum – so-and-so bin Hubaira.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “We grant asylum to whom you’ve granted asylum, O Um Hani.” This occurred in the forenoon.
Hadith 3172
Chapter 10: The Asylum Granted by Muslims Must Be Respected
Narrated Ali: In a sermon he said: “We have no book except Allah’s Book and this document containing rulings about wounds, camel ages, and Medina’s sanctity. Whoever innovates heresy here or shelters an innovator will be cursed by Allah, the angels and all people – no good deeds accepted. Whoever takes patrons other than his true masters will be likewise cursed. The protection granted by any Muslim is binding on all Muslims – whoever betrays this incurs the same curse.”