Tafseer Verse 176-180
Comforting the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
Allah said to His Prophet,
وَلاَ يَحْزُنكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَـرِعُونَ فِى الْكُفْرِ
(And let not those grieve you who rush with haste to disbelieve) 3:176.
Because the Prophet was eager for people’s benefit, he would become sad when the disbelievers would resort to defiance, rebellion and stubbornness. Allah said, `Do not be saddened by this behavior,’
إِنَّهُمْ لَن يَضُرُّواْ اللَّهَ شَيْئاً يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَلاَّ يَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ حَظّاً فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ
(verily, not the least harm will they do to Allah. It is Allah’s will to give them no portion in the Hereafter.) for He decided with His power and wisdom that they shall not acquire any share in the Hereafter,
وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عظِيمٌ
(For them there is a great torment.)
Allah said about the disbelievers,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُاْ الْكُفْرَ بِالإِيمَـنِ
(Verily, those who purchase disbelief at the price of faith,) by exchanging disbelief for faith,
لَن يَضُرُّواْ اللَّهَ شَيْئاً
(not the least harm will they do to Allah.) Rather, they will only harm themselves,
وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
(For them, there is a painful torment.)
Allah said next,
وَلاَ يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ أَنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ لاًّنفُسِهِمْ إِنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُواْ إِثْمَاً وَلَهْمُ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
(And let not the disbelievers think that Our postponing their punishment is good for them. We postpone the punishment only so that they may increase in sinfulness. And for them is a disgraceful torment) 3:178.
This statement is similar to Allah’s other statements,
أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ – نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِى الْخَيْرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ
(Do they think that because We have given them abundant wealth and children, that We hasten unto them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not.) 23:55,56 and
فَذَرْنِى وَمَن يُكَذِّبُ بِهَـذَا الْحَدِيثِ سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِّنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(Then leave Me Alone with such as belie this Qur’an. We shall punish them gradually from directions they perceive not.) 68:44, and,
وَلاَ تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَلُهُمْ وَأَوْلَـدُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَن يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِى الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَـفِرُونَ
(And let not their wealth or their children amaze you. Allah’s plan is to punish them with these things in this world, and that their souls shall depart (die) while they are disbelievers) 9:85.
Allah then said,
مَّا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى مَآ أَنتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ
(Allah will not leave the believers in the state in which you are now, until He distinguishes the wicked from the good.) 3:179, meaning, He allows a calamity to happen, and during this calamity His friend becomes known and His enemy exposed, the patient believer recognized and the sinful hypocrite revealed. This Ayah refers to Uhud, since Allah tested the believers in that battle, thus making known the faith, endurance, patience, firmness and obedience to Allah and His Messenger that the believers had. Allah exposed the hypocrites in their defiance, reverting from Jihad, and the treachery they committed against Allah and His Messenger . This is why Allah said,
مَّا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى مَآ أَنتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ
(Allah will not leave the believers in the state in which you are now, until He distinguishes the wicked from the good.)
Mujahid commented, “He distinguished between them during the day of Uhud.” Qatadah said, “He distinguished between them in Jihad and Hijrah.” Allah said next,
وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ
(Nor will Allah disclose to you the secrets of the Unseen.) meaning, you do not have access to Allah’s knowledge of His creation so that you can distinguish between the believer and the hypocrite, except by the signs of each type that Allah uncovers. Allah’s statement,
وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْتَبِى مِن رُّسُلِهِ مَن يَشَآءُ
(but Allah chooses of His Messengers whom He wills.) is similar to another Ayah,
عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلاَ يُظْهِرُ عَلَى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً – إِلاَّ مَنِ ارْتَضَى مِن رَّسُولٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْلُكُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ رَصَداً
((He Alone is) the All-Knower of the Unseen, and He reveals to none His Unseen. Except to a Messenger (from mankind) whom He has chosen, and then He makes a band of watching guards (angels) to march before him and behind him.) 72:26,27. Allah then said,
فَـَامِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ
(So believe in Allah and His Messengers.) Obey Allah and His Messenger and adhere to the law that he legislated for you,
وَإِن تُؤْمِنُواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ فَلَكُمْ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
(and if you believe and fear Allah, then for you there is a great reward.)
The Censure of Selfishness, and Warning Against it
Allah said,
وَلاَ يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَآ ءَاتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَّهُمْ
( And let not those who are stingy with that which Allah has bestowed on them of His bounty (wealth) think that it is good for them. Nay, it will be worse for them.) 3:180
Therefore, the Ayah says that the miser should not think that collecting money will benefit him. Rather, it will harm him in his religion and worldly affairs. Allah mentions the money that the miser collected on the Day of Resurrection,
سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُواْ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ
(the things that they stingy with shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection.)
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«مَنْ آتَاهُ اللهُ مَالًا فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُ، مُثِّلَ لَهُ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ، لَهُ زَبِيبَتَانِ، يُطَوَّقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، يَأْخُذُ بِلِهْزِمَتَيْهِ يَعْنِي بِشِدْقَيْهِ يَقُولُ: أَنَا مَالُكَ، أَنَا كَنْزُك»
(Whoever Allah makes wealthy and he does not pay the Zakah due on his wealth, then (on the Day of Resurrection) his wealth will be made in the likeness of a bald-headed poisonous male snake with two black spots over the eyes. The snake will encircle his neck and bite his cheeks and proclaim, `I am your wealth, I am your treasure.’)
The Prophet then recited the Ayah,
وَلاَ يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَآ ءَاتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَّهُمْ
( And let not those who are stingy with that which Allah has bestowed on them of His bounty think that it is good for them. Nay, it will be worse for them), until the end. Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, collected this Hadith using this chain of narration, Ibn Hibban also collected it in his Sahih.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said that the Prophet said,
«مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍلَا يُؤَدِّي زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ إِلَّا جُعِلَ لَهُ شُجَاعٌ أَقْرَعُ يَتْبَعُهُ، يَفِرُّ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ يَتْبَعُهُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا كَنْزُك»
(Every person who does not pay the Zakah due on his wealth, will have his money made into the shape of a bald-headed, poisonous male snake who will follow him. The person will run away from the snake, who will follow him and proclaim, `I am your treasure.’)
`Abdullah then recited the Ayah in Allah’s Book that testifies to this fact,
سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُواْ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ
(the things that they were stingy with shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection.)
This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah, and At-Tirmidhi said, “Hasan Sahih.”
Allah’s statement,
وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَاثُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ
(And to Allah belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the Earth), means,
وَأَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسْتَخْلَفِينَ فِيهِ
(and spend of that whereof He has made you trustees) 57: 7. Therefore, since all affairs are under Allah’s control, then spend from your money so it will benefit you on the Day of Return,
وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
(and Allah is Well-Acquainted with all that you do.) with your intentions and what your hearts conceal.
Tafseer Verse 181-184
Allah Warns the Idolators
Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, “When Allah’s statement,
مَّن ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً
(Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that He may multiply it to him many times) 2:245 was revealed, the Jews said, `O Muhammad! Has your Lord become poor so that He asks His servants to give Him a loan’ Allah sent down,
لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ
(Indeed, Allah has heard the statement of those (Jews) who say: “Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!”) 3:181.”
This Hadith was collected by Ibn Marduwyah and Ibn Abi Hatim.
Allah’s statement,
سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُواْ
(We shall record what they have said) contains a threat and a warning that Allah followed with His statement,
وَقَتْلِهِمُ الاٌّنْبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ
(and their killing of the Prophets unjustly,)
This is what they say about Allah and this is how they treat His Messengers. Allah will punish them for these deeds in the worst manner,
لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُواْ وَقَتْلَهُمُ الاٌّنبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُواْ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ – ذلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّـمٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ
(and We shall say: “Taste you the torment of the burning (Fire).” This is because of that which your hands have sent before you. And certainly, Allah is never unjust to (His) servants.)
They will be addressed like this as a way of chastising, criticism, disgrace and humiliation.
Allah said,
الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا أَلاَّ نُؤْمِنَ لِرَسُولٍ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنَا بِقُرْبَانٍ تَأْكُلُهُ النَّارُ
(Those (Jews) who said: “Verily, Allah has taken our promise not to believe in any Messenger unless he brings to us an offering which the fire (from heaven) shall devour.”)
Allah refuted their claim that in their Books, Allah took a covenant from them to only believe in the Messenger whose miracles include fire coming down from the sky that consumes the charity offered by a member of the Messenger’s nation, as Ibn `Abbas and Al-Hasan stated. Allah replied,
قُلْ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِى بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ
(Say: “Verily, there came to you Messengers before me, with Al-Bayinat…”) with proofs and evidence,
وَبِالَّذِى قُلْتُمْ
(and even with what you speak of) a fire that consumes the accepted charity, as you asked,
فَلِمَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ
(why then did you kill them) Why did you meet these Prophets with denial, defiance, stubbornness and even murder,
إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ
(if you are truthful), if you follow the truth and obey the Messengers.
Allah then comforts His Prophet Muhammad ,
فَإِن كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌ مِّن قَبْلِكَ جَآءُوا بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ وَالزُّبُرِ وَالْكِتَـبِ الْمُنِيرِ
(Then if they reject you, so were Messengers rejected before you, who came with Al-Baiyyinat and the Scripture, and the Book of Enlightenment.) meaning, do not be sad because they deny you, for you have an example in the Messengers who came before you. These Messengers were rejected although they brought clear proofs, plain evidence and unequivocal signs,
وَالزُّبُرِ
(and the Zubur), the divinely revealed Books that were sent down to the Messengers,
وَالْكِتَـبِ الْمُنِيرِ
(and the Book of Enlightenment) meaning the clarification and best explanation.